Intellectual Property: File Sharing

File sharing is defined as "the practice of distributing or providing access to digitally stored information, such as computer programs, multi-media (audio, video), documents, or electronic books. It may be implemented in a variety of storage, transmission, and distribution models." File sharing has become a very controversial topic in that it is attaining and distributing files that you do not "own" and is therefore considered stealing.
I personally consider file sharing stealing; however, the fact that files are not tangible objects that we can touch and hold, creates a very grey area for many people when it comes to classifying sharing as stealing. The use of the computer creates ethical justifications and less guilt when taking a song from a musical artist. I could never bring myself to pick up a cd from a store, place it in my purse, and walk out; however, I don't even think twice when I download that cd for free off the internet. Both scenarios would make me a thief, yet the ladder gives me no guilt, or fear, and is therefore easily done.

Python

1)
a. 12
b. 42
c. 0

2)
a. 5
b. 4
c. 7

3)
a. Strange: a =6
b. weird: a = 8 b = 4
12

4)
a.1
b.3

Math

1)
a. 1011
base-16: B
base-10: 11
b. 10101
base-16: 15
base-10: 21
c. 10010110
base-16:9F
base-10:2+4+16+128=150
d. 1111111
base-16:7F
base-10:255

2)
a. 8
base-16: 8
base-2: 1000
b. 63
base-16: 3F
base-2: 111111
c. 113
base-16: 8F
base-2: 10001111
d. 97
base-16: 9F
base-2:10011111